feat(ci): add test matrix for CI workflow, fix docs, fix arch mapping + include arm64

[zerosnacks]

Supercedes #85

Ref: https://github.com/actions/runner-images?tab=readme-ov-file#available-images
Ref: https://github.com/orgs/community/discussions/148648

• Adds arm64 mapping to mappings (alongside x64), this should cover all cases of the published artifacts we use (exception being alpine, Github runners do not support this yet).

Does not add aarch64 as os.arch() can never return this, nor can it return x32 so dropped.

            type Architecture =
                | "arm"
                | "arm64"
                | "ia32"
                | "loong64"
                | "mips"
                | "mipsel"
                | "ppc64"
                | "riscv64"
                | "s390x"
                | "x64";

Bumps to 24.9.0, latest Node.js version