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bc00610
Update evm diagram
corwintines Dec 2, 2025
167ca68
Update wallet-data.ts
dmngdsm Dec 4, 2025
3d47873
docs: fix missing quote in Lucide `strokeLinejoin`
mdqst Dec 4, 2025
27e2ef5
feat: add "portrait" prop for YouTube embeds
wackerow Dec 4, 2025
7e80435
fix: update claude action permissions for write functionality
wackerow Dec 4, 2025
aa9cece
feat: list io.finnet MPC wallet for Business
wackerow Dec 4, 2025
c2760e4
patch: list supported ethereum chains only
wackerow Dec 4, 2025
7dc6235
Merge pull request #16789 from mdqst/patch-46
corwintines Dec 4, 2025
8fc3730
Merge pull request #16797 from ethereum/staging
wackerow Dec 4, 2025
c8e0d16
Merge pull request #16792 from ethereum/claude-action-permissions
wackerow Dec 5, 2025
4e1254c
Update Ethers plugin link in tutorial
cypherpepe Dec 5, 2025
6a57712
Fix Ethers plugin link in tutorial
cypherpepe Dec 5, 2025
e281e2b
Update Ethers plugin link in tutorial
cypherpepe Dec 5, 2025
35d985d
Update Ethers plugin link in Italian tutorial
cypherpepe Dec 5, 2025
237c757
Update Ethers plugin link in Romanian tutorial
cypherpepe Dec 5, 2025
75f8c5e
Update Ethers plugin link in Spanish tutorial
cypherpepe Dec 5, 2025
0ad5a31
Update Ethers plugin link in Turkish tutorial
cypherpepe Dec 5, 2025
6604b96
Update Ethers plugin link in German tutorial
cypherpepe Dec 5, 2025
54d872e
Update Ethers plugin link in French tutorial
cypherpepe Dec 5, 2025
3600097
Update Ethers plugin link in Japanese tutorial
cypherpepe Dec 5, 2025
c779def
Update Ethers plugin link in tutorial
cypherpepe Dec 5, 2025
5dd22fb
Update Ethers plugin link in tutorial
cypherpepe Dec 5, 2025
cb02952
Update Ethers plugin link in tutorial
cypherpepe Dec 5, 2025
689c7ec
Update Ethers plugin link in NFT tutorial
cypherpepe Dec 5, 2025
9fc34b2
Update Ethers plugin link in tutorial
cypherpepe Dec 5, 2025
1b38c34
Update Ethers plugin link in tutorial
cypherpepe Dec 5, 2025
d8a584b
refactor: use 2x resolution
wackerow Dec 5, 2025
5bfa326
Update Ethers plugin link in Italian tutorial
cypherpepe Dec 5, 2025
5e73c45
Merge pull request #16770 from ethereum/evmImageUpdate
wackerow Dec 5, 2025
5f591ea
Update Ethers plugin link in Spanish tutorial
cypherpepe Dec 5, 2025
cf3a314
Update Ethers plugin link in tutorial
cypherpepe Dec 5, 2025
3052022
Update Ethers plugin link in NFT tutorial
cypherpepe Dec 5, 2025
52e02d0
Update Ethers plugin link in tutorial
cypherpepe Dec 5, 2025
53aab37
Update Ethers plugin link in tutorial
cypherpepe Dec 5, 2025
957abf9
Update Ethers plugin link in tutorial
cypherpepe Dec 5, 2025
cb7fcdd
Update Ethers plugin link in tutorial
cypherpepe Dec 5, 2025
95d71fc
Fix Ethers plugin link in French tutorial
cypherpepe Dec 5, 2025
d6cfc65
Update Ethers plugin link in Japanese tutorial
cypherpepe Dec 5, 2025
9a402ac
Update Ethers plugin link in Italian tutorial
cypherpepe Dec 5, 2025
f716c16
Update Ethers plugin link in tutorial
cypherpepe Dec 5, 2025
0b6a766
Update Ethers plugin link in tutorial
cypherpepe Dec 5, 2025
35c8e66
Merge branch 'ethereum:dev' into dev
cypherpepe Dec 5, 2025
5806e26
patch: list supported ethereum networks only
wackerow Dec 5, 2025
885b010
Merge pull request #16788 from dmngdsm/patch-2
wackerow Dec 5, 2025
b9ab90d
docs: update README.md [skip ci]
allcontributors[bot] Dec 5, 2025
7da056a
docs: update .all-contributorsrc [skip ci]
allcontributors[bot] Dec 5, 2025
3b27f27
Merge pull request #16806 from ethereum/all-contributors/add-dmngdsm
wackerow Dec 5, 2025
33a3dc5
Merge pull request #16803 from cypherpepe/dev
wackerow Dec 5, 2025
d760521
docs: update README.md [skip ci]
allcontributors[bot] Dec 5, 2025
9e4f8bb
docs: update .all-contributorsrc [skip ci]
allcontributors[bot] Dec 5, 2025
c37c201
Merge pull request #16807 from ethereum/all-contributors/add-cypherpepe
wackerow Dec 5, 2025
e2c5878
Merge pull request #16793 from ethereum/list-io-finnet-wallet
corwintines Dec 5, 2025
4109720
Merge pull request #16791 from ethereum/youtube-shorts
corwintines Dec 5, 2025
dcc5723
Fix links to POA doc
youyyytrok Dec 6, 2025
c3d4302
Fix links in PoA documentation for clarity
youyyytrok Dec 6, 2025
4f6306f
Fix links to PoA documentation
youyyytrok Dec 6, 2025
80d6287
Fix links to PoA doc
youyyytrok Dec 6, 2025
7731e67
Fix links in PoA documentation
youyyytrok Dec 6, 2025
b7e176d
Fix links in PoA doc
youyyytrok Dec 6, 2025
5d3a6bf
Fix links to PoA
youyyytrok Dec 6, 2025
852f0b6
Fix links in PoA documentation
youyyytrok Dec 6, 2025
07fa1f7
Fix links in PoA documentation
youyyytrok Dec 6, 2025
8190b20
Fix links in PoA documentation
youyyytrok Dec 6, 2025
e4fd9b2
Fix links to POA doc
youyyytrok Dec 6, 2025
89960de
Fix links to PoA
youyyytrok Dec 6, 2025
f49c94b
Fix links to POA doc
youyyytrok Dec 6, 2025
8812b94
Update Ethers plugin link in tutorial
youyyytrok Dec 6, 2025
f3dc822
fix: remove /content redirect that broke static images in public/cont…
pettinarip Dec 8, 2025
cfd0520
Merge pull request #16827 from ethereum/fix-local-images
wackerow Dec 8, 2025
20a0a4f
Merge pull request #16812 from youyyytrok/fix-links
corwintines Dec 8, 2025
833d381
docs(evm): add transient storage details (EIP-1153) - Introduce a "T…
codebyankita Dec 9, 2025
85a934e
Update public/content/developers/docs/evm/index.md
corwintines Dec 9, 2025
0967d5d
Update public/content/developers/docs/evm/index.md
corwintines Dec 9, 2025
026397e
docs: update README.md [skip ci]
allcontributors[bot] Dec 9, 2025
0631170
docs: update .all-contributorsrc [skip ci]
allcontributors[bot] Dec 9, 2025
a6d0006
Merge pull request #16832 from codebyankita/patch-2
corwintines Dec 9, 2025
3c5edbf
Merge pull request #16838 from ethereum/all-contributors/add-codebyan…
corwintines Dec 9, 2025
6f4ff40
Merge pull request #16841 from ethereum/staging
corwintines Dec 10, 2025
8359bae
add dubai community hub to /community/events
corwintines Dec 10, 2025
cdc1730
docs: fix TypeScript typo
famouswizard Dec 10, 2025
bf044e4
Update typescript.md
famouswizard Dec 10, 2025
89dcab6
patch: punctuation
wackerow Dec 10, 2025
6f6aab7
Merge pull request #16842 from ethereum/addDubaiCommunityHub
wackerow Dec 10, 2025
0b6bce4
Merge pull request #16846 from famouswizard/patch-11
corwintines Dec 10, 2025
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27 changes: 27 additions & 0 deletions .all-contributorsrc
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -13916,6 +13916,33 @@
"contributions": [
"content"
]
},
{
"login": "dmngdsm",
"name": "Ivan Manchev",
"avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/15030734?v=4",
"profile": "https://www.ivanmanchev.com",
"contributions": [
"maintenance"
]
},
{
"login": "cypherpepe",
"name": "Cypher Pepe",
"avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/125112044?v=4",
"profile": "https://github.com/cypherpepe",
"contributions": [
"maintenance"
]
},
{
"login": "codebyankita",
"name": "Ankita Virani (ankita.eth)",
"avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/139675749?v=4",
"profile": "https://github.com/codebyankita",
"contributions": [
"content"
]
}
],
"contributorsPerLine": 7,
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7 changes: 4 additions & 3 deletions .github/workflows/claude.yml
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -35,18 +35,19 @@ jobs:
)
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
permissions:
contents: read
pull-requests: read
contents: write
pull-requests: write
issues: read
id-token: write
steps:
- name: Checkout repository
uses: actions/checkout@v6
with:
fetch-depth: 1
token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

- name: Run Claude PR Action
uses: anthropics/claude-code-action@beta
with:
anthropic_api_key: ${{ secrets.ANTHROPIC_API_KEY }}
timeout_minutes: "60"
timeout_minutes: "60"
3 changes: 3 additions & 0 deletions README.md
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Expand Up @@ -2153,6 +2153,9 @@ Thanks goes to these wonderful people ([emoji key](https://allcontributors.org/d
<td align="center" valign="top" width="14.28%"><a href="https://github.com/LottR079"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/20522868?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="LottR079"/><br /><sub><b>LottR079</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-LottR079" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
<td align="center" valign="top" width="14.28%"><a href="https://github.com/KosiChinaza"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/161971597?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Kosisochukwu Ugwu"/><br /><sub><b>Kosisochukwu Ugwu</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-KosiChinaza" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
<td align="center" valign="top" width="14.28%"><a href="https://github.com/architr4"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/142317686?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Archit "/><br /><sub><b>Archit </b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-architr4" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
<td align="center" valign="top" width="14.28%"><a href="https://www.ivanmanchev.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/15030734?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Ivan Manchev"/><br /><sub><b>Ivan Manchev</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#maintenance-dmngdsm" title="Maintenance">🚧</a></td>
<td align="center" valign="top" width="14.28%"><a href="https://github.com/cypherpepe"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/125112044?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Cypher Pepe"/><br /><sub><b>Cypher Pepe</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#maintenance-cypherpepe" title="Maintenance">🚧</a></td>
<td align="center" valign="top" width="14.28%"><a href="https://github.com/codebyankita"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/139675749?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Ankita Virani (ankita.eth)"/><br /><sub><b>Ankita Virani (ankita.eth)</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-codebyankita" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion docs/best-practices.md
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Expand Up @@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ Use tailwind classes to size icons:

Options:
- `strokeLinecap`: `butt`, `round`, `square`
- `strokeLinejoin`: `round`, `bevel`, `miter`, `
- `strokeLinejoin`: `round`, `bevel`, `miter`

### Background Circles

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10 changes: 5 additions & 5 deletions docs/typescript.md
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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
# Typescript
# TypeScript

Our codebase is rapidly increasing in size and in contributors. This brings challenges to reliably keep the code organized, avoid code duplication, and review code. To help alleviate these challenges, we’re in the process of migrating to TypeScript across our codebase. We believe having a strongly typed language will reduce bugs, improve code quality, increase productivity and allow us to scale (both our codebase and our developer community) better in the long term.

Expand All @@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ const someVar: string

## Learning resources

- [Official Typescript website](https://www.typescriptlang.org/)
- [Typescript Challenges](https://github.com/type-challenges/type-challenges)
- [Official TypeScript website](https://www.typescriptlang.org/)
- [TypeScript Challenges](https://github.com/type-challenges/type-challenges)
- [React TS Cheatsheet](https://react-typescript-cheatsheet.netlify.app/)
- [Typescript Deep Dive](https://basarat.gitbook.io/typescript/)
- [Typescript errors](https://typescript.tv/errors/)
- [TypeScript Deep Dive](https://basarat.gitbook.io/typescript/)
- [TypeScript errors](https://typescript.tv/errors/)
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12 changes: 10 additions & 2 deletions public/content/developers/docs/evm/index.md
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Expand Up @@ -45,9 +45,17 @@ The EVM executes as a [stack machine](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_machine)

During execution, the EVM maintains a transient _memory_ (as a word-addressed byte array), which does not persist between transactions.

Contracts, however, do contain a Merkle Patricia _storage_ trie (as a word-addressable word array), associated with the account in question and part of the global state.
### Transient storage

Compiled smart contract bytecode executes as a number of EVM [opcodes](/developers/docs/evm/opcodes), which perform standard stack operations like `XOR`, `AND`, `ADD`, `SUB`, etc. The EVM also implements a number of blockchain-specific stack operations, such as `ADDRESS`, `BALANCE`, `BLOCKHASH`, etc.
Transient storage is a per-transaction key–value store accessed through the `TSTORE` and `TLOAD` opcodes. It persists across all internal calls during the same transaction but is cleared at the end of the transaction. Unlike memory, transient storage is modeled as part of the EVM state rather than the execution frame, yet it is not committed to the global state. Transient storage enables gas-efficient temporary state sharing across internal calls during a transaction.

### Storage

Contracts contain a Merkle Patricia _storage_ trie (as a word-addressable word array), associated with the account in question and part of the global state. This persistent storage differs from transient storage, which is available only for the duration of a single transaction and does not form part of the account's persistent storage trie.

### Opcodes

Compiled smart contract bytecode executes as a number of EVM [opcodes](/developers/docs/evm/opcodes), which perform standard stack operations like `XOR`, `AND`, `ADD`, `SUB`, etc. The EVM also implements a number of blockchain-specific stack operations, such as `ADDRESS`, `BALANCE`, `BLOCKHASH`, etc. The opcode set also includes `TSTORE` and `TLOAD`, which provide access to transient storage.

![A diagram showing where gas is needed for EVM operations](../gas/gas.png)
_Diagrams adapted from [Ethereum EVM illustrated](https://takenobu-hs.github.io/downloads/ethereum_evm_illustrated.pdf)_
Expand Down
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ To actually connect these to our code, we’ll reference these variables in our

Ethers.js is a library that makes it easier to interact and make requests to Ethereum by wrapping [standard JSON-RPC methods](https://docs.alchemyapi.io/alchemy/documentation/alchemy-api-reference/json-rpc) with more user friendly methods.

Hardhat allows us to integrate [plugins](https://hardhat.org/plugins/) for additional tooling and extended functionality. We’ll be taking advantage of the [Ethers plugin](https://hardhat.org/plugins/nomiclabs-hardhat-ethers.html) for contract deployment.
Hardhat allows us to integrate [plugins](https://hardhat.org/plugins/) for additional tooling and extended functionality. We’ll be taking advantage of the [Ethers plugin](https://hardhat.org/docs/plugins/official-plugins#hardhat-ethers) for contract deployment.

In your project directory type:

Expand Down
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ Don't commit <code>.env</code>! Please make sure never to share or expose your <

Ethers.js is a library that makes it easier to interact and make requests to Ethereum by wrapping [standard JSON-RPC methods](/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/) with more user friendly methods.

Hardhat makes it super easy to integrate [Plugins](https://hardhat.org/plugins/) for additional tooling and extended functionality. We’ll be taking advantage of the [Ethers plugin](https://hardhat.org/plugins/nomiclabs-hardhat-ethers.html) for contract deployment ([Ethers.js](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/) has some super clean contract deployment methods).
Hardhat makes it super easy to integrate [Plugins](https://hardhat.org/plugins/) for additional tooling and extended functionality. We’ll be taking advantage of the [Ethers plugin](https://hardhat.org/docs/plugins/official-plugins#hardhat-ethers) for contract deployment ([Ethers.js](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/) has some super clean contract deployment methods).

In your project directory type:

Expand Down
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ To actually connect these to our code, we’ll reference these variables in our

Ethers.js is a library that makes it easier to interact and make requests to Ethereum by wrapping [standard JSON-RPC methods](/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/) with more user friendly methods.

Hardhat makes it super easy to integrate [Plugins](https://hardhat.org/plugins/) for additional tooling and extended functionality. We’ll be taking advantage of the [Ethers plugin](https://hardhat.org/plugins/nomiclabs-hardhat-ethers.html) for contract deployment ([Ethers.js](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/) has some super clean contract deployment methods).
Hardhat makes it super easy to integrate [Plugins](https://hardhat.org/plugins/) for additional tooling and extended functionality. We’ll be taking advantage of the [Ethers plugin](https://hardhat.org/docs/plugins/official-plugins#hardhat-ethers) for contract deployment ([Ethers.js](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/) has some super clean contract deployment methods).

In your project directory type:

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Expand Up @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Proof-of-Authority ist eine modifizierte Version von **[Proof-of-Stake](/develop

Proof-of-Authority erfordert das Vertrauen in eine Gruppe autorisierter Unterzeichner, die im [Genesis-Block](/glossary/#genesis-block) festgelegt sind. In den meisten aktuellen Implementierungen behalten alle autorisierten Unterzeichner die gleiche Befugnis und die gleichen Privilegien bei der Bestimmung des Konsenses der Kette. Die Idee hinter dem Ruf-Staking ist, dass jeder autorisierte Validator beispielsweise durch Know Your Customer (KYC) oder durch die Zugehörigkeit zu einer renommierten Organisation jedem als einziger Validator bekannt ist — auf diese Weise ist die Identität des Validators bekannt, falls er etwas Unrechtes tut.

Es gibt mehrere Implementierungen von PoA, aber die Standardimplementierung von Ethereum ist **Clique**, die [EIP-225](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-225) implementiert. Clique ist entwicklerfreundlich und ein einfach zu implementierender Standard, der alle Client-Synchronisierungstypen unterstützt. Andere Implementierungen umfassen [IBFT 2.0](https://besu.hyperledger.org/stable/private-networks/concepts/poa) und [Aura](https://openethereum.github.io/Chain-specification).
Es gibt mehrere Implementierungen von PoA, aber die Standardimplementierung von Ethereum ist **Clique**, die [EIP-225](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-225) implementiert. Clique ist entwicklerfreundlich und ein einfach zu implementierender Standard, der alle Client-Synchronisierungstypen unterstützt. Andere Implementierungen umfassen [IBFT 2.0](https://besu.hyperledger.org/private-networks/concepts/poa) und [Aura](https://openethereum.github.io/Chain-specification).

## Funktionsweise {#how-it-works}

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Wenn es beispielsweise 10 autorisierte Unterzeichner gibt und jeder Unterzeichne
- [PoA in der Blockchain](https://medium.com/techskill-brew/proof-of-authority-or-poa-in-blockchain-part-11-blockchain-series-be15b3321cba)
- [Erläuterung von Clique](https://medium.com/@Destiner/clique-cross-client-proof-of-authority-algorithm-for-ethereum-8b2a135201d)
- [Veralteter PoA, Aura-Spezifikation](https://openethereum.github.io/Chain-specification)
- [IBFT 2.0, eine weitere PoA-Implementierung](https://besu.hyperledger.org/stable/private-networks/concepts/poa)
- [IBFT 2.0, eine weitere PoA-Implementierung](https://besu.hyperledger.org/private-networks/concepts/poa)

### Eher der visuelle Lernende? {#visual-learner}

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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ Führen Sie keinen Commit für <code>.env</code> aus. Stellen Sie sicher, dass S

Ethers.js ist eine Bibliothek, die es einfacher macht, mit Ethereum zu interagieren und Anfragen zu stellen. Dafür schließt sie [Standard-JSON-RPC-Methoden](/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/) in benutzerfreundlichere Methoden ein.

Hardhat macht es sehr einfach [Plug-ins](https://hardhat.org/plugins/) für zusätzliche Tools und erweiterte Funktionen zu integrieren. Wir werden das [Ethers-Plug-in](https://hardhat.org/plugins/nomiclabs-hardhat-ethers.html) für die Bereitstellung von Verträgen nutzen ([Ethers.js](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/) bietet einige sehr saubere Methoden zur Bereitstellung von Verträgen).
Hardhat macht es sehr einfach [Plug-ins](https://hardhat.org/plugins/) für zusätzliche Tools und erweiterte Funktionen zu integrieren. Wir werden das [Ethers-Plug-in](https://hardhat.org/docs/plugins/official-plugins#hardhat-ethers) für die Bereitstellung von Verträgen nutzen ([Ethers.js](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/) bietet einige sehr saubere Methoden zur Bereitstellung von Verträgen).

Geben Sie Folgendes in Ihrem Projektverzeichnis ein:

Expand Down
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ Führen Sie keinen Commit für <code>.env</code> aus. Stellen Sie sicher, dass S

Ethers.js ist eine Bibliothek, die es einfacher macht, mit Ethereum zu interagieren und Anfragen zu stellen. Dafür schließt sie [Standard-JSON-RPC-Methoden](/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/) in benutzerfreundlichere Methoden ein.

Hardhat macht es sehr einfach [Plug-ins](https://hardhat.org/plugins/) für zusätzliche Tools und erweiterte Funktionen zu integrieren. Wir werden das [Ethers-Plug-in](https://hardhat.org/plugins/nomiclabs-hardhat-ethers.html) für die Bereitstellung von Verträgen nutzen ([Ethers.js](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/) bietet einige sehr saubere Methoden zur Bereitstellung von Verträgen).
Hardhat macht es sehr einfach [Plug-ins](https://hardhat.org/plugins/) für zusätzliche Tools und erweiterte Funktionen zu integrieren. Wir werden das [Ethers-Plug-in](https://hardhat.org/docs/plugins/official-plugins#hardhat-ethers) für die Bereitstellung von Verträgen nutzen ([Ethers.js](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/) bietet einige sehr saubere Methoden zur Bereitstellung von Verträgen).

Geben Sie Folgendes in Ihrem Projektverzeichnis ein:

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Η Απόδειξη Αρχής απαιτεί την εμπιστοσύνη ενός συνόλου εξουσιοδοτημένων υπογραφόντων που έχουν οριστεί στο [πρώτο μπλοκ](/glossary/#genesis-block). Στις περισσότερες τρέχουσες υλοποιήσεις, όλοι οι εξουσιοδοτημένοι υπογράφοντες διατηρούν ισοδύναμη ισχύ και προνόμια κατά τον καθορισμό της συναίνεσης της αλυσίδας. Η ιδέα πίσω από την αποθήκευση κεφαλαίου βάσει φήμης είναι ότι κάθε εξουσιοδοτημένος επικυρωτής είναι γνωστός σε όλους μέσω υπηρεσιών όπως «know your customer» (KYC) ή επειδή έχει έναν γνωστό οργανισμό ως μοναδικό επικυρωτή. Με αυτόν τον τρόπο, εάν ένας επικυρωτής κάνει κάτι λάθος, η ταυτότητά του είναι γνωστή.

Υπάρχουν πολλές υλοποιήσεις του PoA, αλλά η τυπική υλοποίηση του Ethereum είναι το **clique**, η οποία υλοποιεί το [EIP-225](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-225). Το Clique είναι ένα φιλικό προς τους προγραμματιστές και εύκολο στην εφαρμογή πρότυπο, που υποστηρίζει όλους τους τύπους συγχρονισμού πελατών. Άλλες υλοποιήσεις περιλαμβάνουν το [IBFT 2.0](https://besu.hyperledger.org/stable/private-networks/concepts/poa) και το [Aura](https://openethereum.github.io/Chain-specification).
Υπάρχουν πολλές υλοποιήσεις του PoA, αλλά η τυπική υλοποίηση του Ethereum είναι το **clique**, η οποία υλοποιεί το [EIP-225](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-225). Το Clique είναι ένα φιλικό προς τους προγραμματιστές και εύκολο στην εφαρμογή πρότυπο, που υποστηρίζει όλους τους τύπους συγχρονισμού πελατών. Άλλες υλοποιήσεις περιλαμβάνουν το [IBFT 2.0](https://besu.hyperledger.org/private-networks/concepts/poa) και το [Aura](https://openethereum.github.io/Chain-specification).

## Πώς λειτουργεί {#how-it-works}

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- [PoA σε blockchain](https://medium.com/techskill-brew/proof-of-authority-or-poa-in-blockchain-part-11-blockchain-series-be15b3321cba)
- [Εξήγηση Clique](https://medium.com/@Destiner/clique-cross-client-proof-of-authority-algorithm-for-ethereum-8b2a135201d)
- [Καταργημένο PoA, προδιαγραφή Aura](https://openethereum.github.io/Chain-specification)
- [IBFT 2.0, άλλη μια υλοποίηση PoA](https://besu.hyperledger.org/stable/private-networks/concepts/poa)
- [IBFT 2.0, άλλη μια υλοποίηση PoA](https://besu.hyperledger.org/private-networks/concepts/poa)

### Περισσότερα από έναν εικονικό μαθητή; {#visual-learner}

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Ethers.js es una biblioteca que facilita la interacción y la realización de solicitudes a Ethereum agrupando [métodos JSON-RPC estándar](https://docs.alchemyapi.io/alchemy/documentation/alchemy-api-reference/json-rpc) con métodos más fáciles para el usuario.

Hardhat nos permite integrar [plugins](https://hardhat.org/plugins/) para obtener herramientas adicionales y una funcionalidad ampliada. Aprovecharemos el complemento [Ethers plugin](https://hardhat.org/plugins/nomiclabs-hardhat-ethers.html) para la implementación por contrato.
Hardhat nos permite integrar [plugins](https://hardhat.org/plugins/) para obtener herramientas adicionales y una funcionalidad ampliada. Aprovecharemos el complemento [Ethers plugin](https://hardhat.org/docs/plugins/official-plugins#hardhat-ethers) para la implementación por contrato.

En el directorio de su proyecto, teclee:

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